Piston machine



April 25, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 27, 1958 -LLE April 25, 1961s. HOLDENER 2,981,201

PISTON MACHINE Filed Aug. 27, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 PISTON MACHINESimeon Holdener, 3 Postgasse, Wolfhausen, Switzerland Filed Aug. 27,1958, Ser. No. 757,565 Claims priority, application SwitzerlandSept..10, 1957 Claims. (Cl. 103-163) The present invention relates to apiston machine, having at least two radially directed pistons rigidlyarranged on an eccentric ring and slidable in cylinders, which areguided so as to be tangentially displaceable and which control, uponsuch displacement, openings communicating with annular channels for thepressure medium inlet and outlet. Such a piston machine may be used as apump as well as a motor. It controls itself automatically, isself-sucking as a pump and may be operated in any position and in anydirection of rotation.

According to the present invention in such a piston machine the annularchannels are provided on the two front sides of an annular channel bodyand are covered by packings and cover plates secured to the front sides.Owing to this arrangement the piston machine according to the inventionis of a space-saving, compact and strong construction and it is free ofdelicate details. It combines the advantages of the centrifugal machinesas far as compact construction is concerned withthose of the pistonmachine with respect to forced movement. 1

Should it have four or more pistons it is possible to obtain, whenworking it as a pump, anon-pulsating pump stream similar, for example,to that of a centrifugal pump. Themachine thus operates without deadpoint.

fatefi Other features and advantages of the invention will becomeapparent from the description now to follow, of a preferred embodimentthereof, given by way of example and in which reference will be made tothe accompanying drawing, in which: 7

Figure 1 is a cross-section through a four-piston machine, whereby theannular channel body is illustrated partly in lateral view and partly incross-section.

Figure 2 is an axial section through the machine taken along the line11-11 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a partial view to Figure 2, seen from the right of thelatter.

Figure 4 is a section taken along the line IVIV of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a section taken along the line V-V of Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a section turned about 90 to that of Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a view of the support shown in Figures 5 and 6.

Figure 8 is a plan view of the guiding balls with cage.

Figures 9 and 10 are sections taken along the lines IXIX and XX,respectively, of Figure 8.

Figure 11 is asection through'one of the displaceable cylinders.

Figure 12 is a front view of Figure 11.

Figure 13 is a side view of a slide part provided with arcuate openings,and

Figure 14 is a front view to Figure 13.

Referring to the drawings reference numeral 1 designates in Figure 2 thedriving shaft arranged over roller bearings 2 in a bearing bush 3 andcarrying a drive wheel 4. This shaft is provided with an eccentricallydisposed crank pin 5 on which is arranged, by a roller bearing 6 sealedby packing rings 7, a non-rotatable eccentric ring 8. Four cross-wisearranged pistons 9 are made of one outer surface 15 of the support 12there is provided a.

ball guide 16, 17, the balls 16 of which being arranged in a cage 17 asis visible from Figures 8-10. The support is secured. to the cover 20 ofthe machine by means of a pair of screw bolts 18 and nuts 19. A furtherscrew bolt 21 screwed into the cover 20 carries an eccentric head 22engaging a groove 23 (Figures 2 and 7) in the middle of the support ,12.At the outer end the bolt 21 has a slot 24 for a screw driver and a nut25 serves to secure the bolt 21 in the adjusted position. Upon releaseof the nut 25 the bolt 21 may be turned by a screw driver in order toadjust the support 12 by means of the eccentric head 22. The outersurface of the flange 13 of the cylinder 10 is hardened and ground andslides on a surface 27 of a flange 28 of an exchangeable insert 31. Theouter surface of flange 28 is also hardened and ground. Flanges 13 and28 define cooperating sealing surfaces, flange 28 forming the stationaryslide part, while the movable slide part is formed by the flange 13. Theflange 28 is provided with two diametrically arranged arcuate openings29, 30 (Figures 4 and 14) which upon each half revolution of the crankpin 5 are opened and closed, respectively, by the cylinder flange 13. Inthe middle position of the cylinder 10 both openings 29, 30 are closed.The exchangeable insert 31 is rigidly arranged in a boring 32 of anannular channel body 33. In this annular channel body 33 there is formedon each front side an annular channel 34 and 35, respectively, thechannel 34 communicating over connecting conduits with the openings 29of the slides and the channel 35 communicating over connecting conduitswith the openings 30. Each of the two channels 34, 35 ends in a pressuremedium inlet and a pressure medium outlet 36, and 37, respectively. Theannular channel 34 is closed toward the exterior by the cover 20 and apacking 38 and the annular channel 35 by the flange 39 of the bush 3 anda packing 40. The cover 20 and the flange 39 are pressed and heldtogether by screw bolts 41 and nuts 42.

For placing the machine there may be provided feet 43 as indicated indot-and-dash lines in Figure 1. These feet may be replaced by lugsarranged at any desired place or the machine may be directly flanged toa motor.

As is easily understood in the described machine the pistons 9 followthe crank rotation of the crank pin 5 and the cylinders 10 aretangentially moved to and fro and thereby automatically control theslides for the inlet and outlet of the pressure medium. The machine maybe operated as a motor or as a pump in any direction a of rotation.Operated as a pump it is self-sucking and produces a non-pulsating pumpstream.

The described machine, owing to its construction, provides a highefliciency for each pressure ratio more particularly with regard to thatof centrifugal machines.

The duration of lifeis greatly extended for the natural bearing Wear, asonly hardened and ground slide bodies contact each other and thesebodies may be adjusted.

Patented Apr. 2 5, .1961

on said crank pin, at least two radially outward directed pistons fixedon said eccentric ring, cylinders in which the said pistons areslidable, an annular body positioned outwardly of said cylinders, cover*plates arranged on both front sides of the annular body, guidingsupports secured between the cover plates for guiding the cylinders soas to be tangentially displaceable, means carried by said annular bodyhaving control openings for cooperation with the cylinders, an annularchannel formed in each of the two opposite front sides of the annularbody and communicating with said control ope-nings, a pressure mediuminlet communicating withv the annular channel in one front side of saidannular body and a pressure medium outlet communicating with the annularchannel in the opposite front side of said annular body and packingmeans between the front sides of said annular body and the insides ofthe cover plates for sealing said annular channels.

2. A piston machine for use as a pump or motor, comprising a rotatableshaft having an eccentrically disposed crank pin, a non-rotatableeccentric ring mounted on said crank pin, at least two radially outwarddirected pistons fixed on said eccentric ring, cylinders in which thesaid pistons are slidable, an annular body positioned outwardly on saidcylinders, cover plates arranged on both front sides of the annularbody, guiding supports secured between the cover plates for guiding thecylinders so as to be tangentially displaceable, means carried by saidannular body having control openings for cooperation with the cylinders,cooperating sealing surfaces on the said cylinders and the said meanshaving control openings, said guiding supports positioned to press saidcylinders against said sealing surfaces, individually adjustable meansacting on said supports for adjusting the pressure exerted by saidcylinders on said sealing surfaces, an annular channel formed in each ofthe two opposite front sides of the annular body and communicating withsaid control openings, a pressure medium inlet communicating with theannular channel in one front side of said annular body and a pressuremedi um outlet communicating with the annular channel in the oppositefront side of said annular body and packing means between the frontsides of said annular body and the insides of the cover plates forsealing said annular channels.

3. A piston machine for use as a pump or motor, comprising a rotatableshaft having an eccentrically dis posed crank pin, a non-rotatableeccentric ring mounted on said crank pin, at least two radially outwarddirected pistons fixed on said eccentric ring, cylinders in which thesaid pistons are slidable, an annular body positioned outwardly of saidcylinders, cover plates arranged on both front sides of the annularbody, guiding supports secured between the cover plates for guiding thecylinders so as to be tangentially displaceable, exchangeable insertsmounted on said annular body, cooperating sealing surfaces on saidinserts and on said cylinders, control openings in said inserts forcooperation with the cylinders, an annular channel formed in each of thetwo opposite front sides of the annular body and communicating with saidcontrol openings, a pressure medium inlet communicating with the annularchannel in one front side of said annular body and a pressure mediumoutlet communicating with the annular channel in the opposite front sideof said annular body and packing means between the front sides of saidannular body and the insides of the cover plates for sealing saidannular channels.

4. A piston machine for use as a pump or motor, comprising a rotatableshaft having an eccentrically disposed crank pin, a non-rotatableeccentric ring mounted on said crank pin, at least two radially outwarddirected pistons fixed on said eccentric ring, cylinders in which thesaid pistons are slidable, an annular body positioned outwardly of saidcylinders, cover plates arranged on both front'sides of the annularbody, guiding supports securedbetween the cover plates for guiding thecylinders so as to be tangentially displaceable, exchangeable insertsmounted on said annular body, cooperating sealing surfaces on saidinserts and on said cylinders, control openings in said inserts forcooperation with the cylinders, said guiding supports positioned topress said cylinders against said sealing surfaces, individuallyadjustable means acting on said supports for adjusting the pressureexerted by said cylinders on said sealing surfaces, an annular channelformed in each of the two opposite front sides of the annular body andcommunicating with said control openings, a pressure medium inletcommunicating with the annular channel in one front side of said annularbody and a pressure medium outlet communicating with the annular channelin the opposite front side of said annular body and packing meansbetween the front sides of said annular body and the insides of thecover plates for sealing said annular channels-i 5. A piston machine foruse as a pump or motor, comprising a rotatable shaft having aneccentrically disposed crank pin, a non-rotatable eccentric ring mountedon said crank pin, at least two radially outward directed piston fixedon said eccentric ring, cylinders in which the said pistons areslidable, an annular body positioned outwardly of said cylinders, coverplates arranged on both front sides of the annular body, guidingsupports secured between the cover plates for guiding the cylinders soas to be tangentially displaceable, exchangeable inserts mounted on saidannular body, cooperating sealing surfaces on said inserts and on saidcylinders, control openings in said inserts for cooperation with thecylinders,

said guiding supports positioned to press said cylinders against saidsealing surfaces, rotatably adjustable screw bolts having an eccentrichead acting on said supports for individually adjusting the pressureexerted by said cylinders on said sealing surfaces, an annular channelformed in each of the two opposite front sides of the annular body andcommunicating with said control openings, a pressure medium inletcommunicating with the annular channel in one front side of said annularbody and a pressure medium outlet communicating with the annular channelin the opposite front side of said annular body and packing meansbetween the front sides of said annular body and the insides of thecover plates for sealing said annular channels.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,349,667 Gogalinski Aug. 17, 1920 1,455,035 White May 15, 19232,475,458 Orshansky July 5, 1949 2,836,120 ,Navarro May 27, 1958 FOREIGNPATENTS 376,882 Great Britain July 21, 1932

